Angličtina na celý týden / 2.

Time

What is the difference between “being on time’ and “being in time’? You say: “I am leaving on a plane to London at 13h10. If the plane leaves on time, it will leave at 13h10. Any time after 13h10 and it leaves late – any time before 13h10 and it leaves early. To be in time for my flight, I need to arrive at the airport two hours before 13h10 in order to check in.”'
These days I am always on time. I wake up before my alarm clock goes off. I try to go to bed before midnight, but I usually read or listen to the radio before falling asleep. I am not a morning lark. I’m a night owl. I don’t have time to eat breakfast before I leave for work, I have a late lunch at around two and an early dinner at about six. At weekends, I like to enjoy a big breakfast in the midmorning.

Glossary

• on time – na čas
• late – pozdě
• early – brzy/dřív
• in time – včas (aby…)
• alarm clock goes off – budík (za)zvoní
• morning lark – ranní ptáče
• night owl – noční pták
• midmorning – dopoledne

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Present Simple and Present Continuous

Match the sentences in A to the categories in B to get definitions of present tenses.

A
1. I usually  go abroad twice a month.
2. Look, the waiter’  s bringing our food.
3. As agreed, the  supplier’s coming to the meeting at 12.
4. John knows the market situation very well.
5. My wife’  s working on two important projects at the moment.
6. She  manages the projects from beginning to end.B

a. an action happening at the moment of speaking
b. a regular or habitual activity
c. a temporary activity happening around now, but perhaps not at the moment of speaking
d. a future arrangement
e. a long-term activity
f. a long-term state  

Glossary

• to match – spojit/přiřadit
• abroad – do/v zahraničí
• a supplier – dodavatel
• habitual – obvyklý/běžný
• temporary – dočasný
• long-term – dlouhodobý

Key:

1. I usually go abroad twice a month. = b. a regular or habitual activity
2. Look, the waiter’s bringing our food. = a. an action happening at the moment of speaking
3. As agreed, the supplier’s coming to the meeting at 12. = d. a future arrangement
4. John knows the market situation very well. = f. a long-term state
5. My wife’ s working on two important projects at the moment. = c. a temporary activity happening around now, but perhaps not at the moment of speaking
6. She  manages the projects from beginning to end. = e. a long-term activity

The present simple is used to express regular or habitual activities,long-term activities and states.
The present continuous is used to express actions happening at the moment of speaking or temporary activities happening around, but perhaps not at the moment of speaking or future arrangements.

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How we spend our time II

Did you know that…?

• Although up to two thirds of modern European women work full-time, they still do the biggest share of the housework, too. Husbands help in the house more than they did in the past, but in the UK, for example, men do an average of just six hours a week compared to their wives, who do over eighteen hours. No wonder the vast majority of working women in the UK say they are stressed and exhausted!
• According to the latest research by supermarkets, the average British family spends just eleven minutes preparing the main evening meal, and prefers “ready meals” and takeaways to home-cooked food. Almost half of all families in the UK eat together only once a month or less.
• More than half of young people in the UK have a full-time job by the age of nineteen, but the majority of young Spanish and Italian people do not start full-time work until they are twenty-four.

Glossary

• up to – až
• still – přesto
• a share – díl/podíl
• compared to – ve srovnání s
• no wonder – žádný div/není divu
• exhausted – vyčerpaný
• according to – podle
• a takeaway – jídlo donesené z restaurace
• almost – téměř

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Past Simple

Read the examples and complete the grammar rules.

Positive

• I stayed with friends last summer.
• We went to Bath last weekend.

Negative

• I didn’t visit the Tate Gallery during my holiday.
• She didn’t go to the opera last night.

Questions

• Where did you stay last summer?
• What did you do last week?

Note didn’t = did not

Use the ……. for finished situations and actions in the past.
To make the past simple of regular verbs, add –ed.
To make the past simple of irregular verbs, see Pocket Book p.16.
To make the negative, use …………. + ……………. + infinitive.
To make the question, use ………… + subject + ………….
How do we make short answers?

Key:

• Use the Past Simple for finished situations and actions in the past.
• To make the past simple of regular verbs, add –ed.
• To make the past simple of irregular verbs, learn the correct forms by heart.
• To make the negative, use DID+ NOT+ infinitive.
• To make the question, use DID+ subject + infinitive.
• To make short answers, use subject + DID.

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Quiz

Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

Since Peter Jones first ………….(appear) on television two years ago, he ………….. (become) one of the UK’s best-known chefs. Today his TV programmes ………….. (always, attract) large audiences, and the cookery books he ………….. (write) recently to accompany his TV programmes ………….. (sell) thousands of copies. His success on television ………….. (make) his restaurants in Britain famous, so now he ………….. (want) to open another restaurant. At present, he ………….. (try) to choose the best location and he ………….. (look) at different areas before deciding which area he ………….. (like) most. Before the producers ………….. (decide) to offer Peter the role of hostin their new programme, they ………….. (interview) several other renowned chefs, but they ………….. (choose) Peter because they ………….. (like) his lively personality and because he ………….. (be) very keen on theproject. His experience of television and the success of his restaurantsalso ………….. (make) him their candidate of choice.

Glossary

• a chef – šéfkuchař
• audiences – publikum/diváci
• to accompany – doprovodit
• lively – živý/temperamentní
• keen on – nadšený něčím
• of choice – vyvolený/vybraný

Key:

Since Peter Jones first appeared on television two years ago, he has become one of the UK’s best-known chefs. Today his TV programmes always attract large audiences, and the cookery books he has written recently to accompany his TV programmes have sold thousands of copies. His success on television has made his restaurants in Britain famous, so now he wants to open another restaurant. At present, he is trying to choose the best location and he is looking at different areas before deciding which area he likes most.
Before the producers decided to offer Peter the role of host in their new programme, they interviewed several other renowned chefs, but they chose Peter because they liked his lively personality and because he was very keen on the project. His experience of television and the success of his restaurants also made him their candidate of choice.

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We must use time as a tool,
not as a crutch.

J. F. Kennedy (1917–1963)
the 35th President of the United States

Glossary

• a tool – nástroj
• a crutch – berle

Čas užívejme jako nástroj, ne jako berli.

J. F. Kennedy (1917–1963) – 35. prezident USA

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